Greenhouse gases trap heat and cause the Earth to warm. Almost all of the rise in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere over the past 150 years has been attributed to human activity. Transportation, electricity generation, industry, commercial and residential agriculture, and land usage and forestry are the key sources of greenhouse gas emissions.

Modern power electric systems are vital in constructing a low-carbon future because they enhance grid resilience, reduce energy prices, enable renewable energy hosting, promote electrical vehicle integration, and improve energy accessibility.

Green transportation, also known as sustainable transportation, refers to means of transport that do not rely on finite natural resources such as fossil fuels. Renewable energy sources are used in several forms of transportation. They also have a low environmental effect, since these modes emit very little or no greenhouse gases.

A smart city makes use of technology to deliver services and address urban issues. They use a framework based mostly on information and communication technologies to identify and manage all types of short and long-term obstacles created by urbanization before they snowball into major crises. Smart city technology is essentially a network of intelligently linked devices that generate and distribute data to the cloud. All of this technology collects a large amount of raw data, which is then processed and utilized to develop the city. Citizens may also interact with smart city technologies via smartphones and other mobile devices. All of this contributes to cost savings and makes the city as a whole more sustainable.